in class 3 Essays (286 words) - Human Behavior, Abuse, Social Issues

Dyamond Abrantes 11/9/18 English Watson Digital Bullying Effects Digital harassing among adolescents has be e n on the ascent. The impacts of tormenting hits youngsters harder. A few impacts are creating weakness issues, discouragement and getting self-destructive. At the point when a youngster begins to menace another kid there's typically a more profound explanation, and that is for another kid to feel equivalent to them. Most harassers are shaky, so hearing somebody single out what one looks like, act, or thinks will make them question themselves; making them think they are the ones who are unreliable. Another impact of digital tormenting is sorrow; there's bunches of studies that connect melancholy with digital harassing. Getting intellectually mishandled by hearing somebody direct destructive sentiments toward you can have a durable consequences for adolescents. In conclusion, youngsters who end it all frequently experience the ill effects of gloom. It is anything but a reality to state that harassing is an immediate reason for self destruction yet it might be a factor that has an influence in it. A few kids arrive at the purpose of being tired of getting singled out , that one thinks the main alternative left is to plan something for make it stop, to quit harming . That last choice is self destruction. A few kids do it to cause the domineering jerk to feel liable for singling out them such time, yet they don't generally observe the 10,000 foot view and long haul impacts of ending it all. There are no beneficial outcomes to digital harassing. I think the most significant point is self destruction, in light of the fact that once somebody does that, there's no returning. That activity influences numerous others than simply the harasser and the person in question. Youngsters should be cautious with who they menace since it could be groundbreaking for some.

An Analysis Of The Kite Runner Essay Example For Students

An Analysis Of The Kite Runner Essay A dad like figure essential in a child’s improvement. A bond an association so respected and adulated after, not generally will adore be given, loaded up with disdain and torment in one s heart. The relationship with a dad and a child will manage one through the harsh, extreme, and right from wrong. The creator in, The kite sprinter utilizes the enthusiastic connection among father and child to uncover the need of a dad like figure. Who needs this connection well we have Baba and Amir, Sohrab and Amir, Hassan and Sohrab. â€Å"If somebody were to solicit me today whether the story from Hassan, Sohrab, and me closes with bliss, I wouldn’t recognize what to say.†To beginning of, the clumsy relationship in between the hero, Amir, and Baba,his father just as the conditions affected by this relationship, exhibits the direness for a caring figure in one’s life. â€Å"Like father like son† is a notable articulation that remains constant for some dad and child connections; yet this isn't the situation for Baba and Amir. The term father and child connections, the dad is a significant good example for his child, and everyone needs a caring figure. For one Babe isn’t there for Amir accordingly that he is not at all like his dad. In The Kite Runner Baba addresses his business companion Rahim khan about his child and why aren’t they comparative. â€Å"He’s consistently covered in those books or rearranging around the house like he’s lost in some fantasy I wasn’t like that†. Baba appears to be furious yet really isn’t, his child went going to be a particular individual he simply needs his child to convey his name,his business and ideally his macismo. Darling feels inaccessible from his child and can’t see any association between the two. The main expectation he has that they are connected is Amir coming â€Å"out of†. .up on Sohrab after the episode with the shelter. He required some investment however at long last it gave the peruser trust in a superior tomorrow. Amir additionally has at long last taken in the genuine significance of being a father.In end, the creator Khaled Hosseni utilizes love, strain and hardship among fathers and children to give the need of a sympathetic caring figure in one’s life. How you may ask well through the a long way from ideal connection among Hassan and his child Sohrab. These relationship show how disregard and negligence for one’s sentiments can prompt an individual to settle on an inappropriate choices for a father’s love, just as exhibit how an utilitarian relationship ought to resemble. In conclusion the most significant relationship in the book would be among Sohrab and Amir incredibly fortify the exercise that a father’s disregard can cause terrible choices and furthermore cause one to search for adoration in different spots.

Advisor vs Adviser The Comparison From The Scholars

Advisor vs Adviser The Comparison From The Scholars In this blog, we are going to clear your doubts between Advisor vs Adviser. Lets start with a short introduction to each of these terms. What is Advisor? Summary What is Advisor?What is an Adviser?When to Use AdvisorWhen to Use AdviserAdvisor vs AdviserCharacteristics of Effective AdvisorsCharacteristics of Effective AdvisersAdvisor ResponsibilitiesAdviser ResponsibilitiesConclusion An advisor is a person who offers advice or leads a team or group. Furthermore, the role of the advisor is that of a mentor or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-oriented consultant. The advisor assists the company or leads in defining long-range objectives. It also does some planning and introducing short term goals or projects â€"The advisor provides guidance to the group or members by reviewing goals, objectives, and the organizations progress. What is an Adviser? An adviser is generally a person with more and more depth knowledge in a certain area and usually also involves persons with multidisciplinary and cross-functional expertise. Besides, the role of the adviser is that of a guide or mentor and differs positively from that of a task-oriented consultant. Examples Following are the major examples of the word in use: From an adviser in council, Sohan became a soldier on duty in a moment.As you approach retirement, you must meet with a financial advisor occasionally to keep the money carefully diversified. When to Use Advisor ADVISOR is the desired word in official titles, possibly as it is the modern variant of the word. When to Use Adviser ADVISER is the oldest and most commonly used term. Although, all common English publications always use advisers in their major work. Advisor vs Adviser There is no major difference between the two terms. “Adviser” is common in Great Britain and is measured as more conventional, while “advisor” is a newer form employed by Americans mostly. The terms “advisor” and “adviser” are used to representing a company or person that gives professional advice, commonly in a particular field. They may also mean an official who helps a person or company CEO or a manager, and a private business also. Characteristics of Effective Advisors Advisors who keep the following major characteristics are most beneficial to the students: Concerned in advisingReveals a caring attitude toward adviseesDisplays effective communication and interpersonal skillsAccessible to adviseesFrequent interaction with adviseesInterfering performance with adviseesWell-informed of institutional policies, regulations, offerings, and proceduresEvaluates the progress of a studentUses proper data sources and refers when neededInvolves in developing advising v/s common course planning Characteristics of Effective Advisers TrustworthinessCommunication SkillsKnowledgeCompassionOptimism Advisor Responsibilities Help the learners to clarify and develop a realistic career or educational plans.Help learners in planning an educational program reliable with their interests and abilities.Evaluate the progress of students toward a career or educational goals.Define and reinforce relationships and linkages between careers and occupations.Read and provide the rationale for educational procedures, policies, and requirements.Approve chosen educational transactions such as drop/adds, schedule, withdrawals, and graduation petitions).Keep an advising file for every advisee. Adviser Responsibilities Be informed regarding the company and what the company will need;Provide advice while called upon or when the condition warrants;Make sure that the organization registers every year with the Leadership Center;Daily attend executive and general board meetings; if you may only attend one, we endorse attending executive or general meetings;Acts as a resource for organizing and planning, and also give knowledge of the community and campusBecome familiar with the structure and purpose of the organization by appraising the bylaws and constitutions. Conclusion The above information defines advisor v/s adviser effectively. Also, it is beneficial for the students or the learners to understand the major differences between the terms advisor and adviser. Yet, the students face some problems regarding the terms they may take benefit of our service. Furthermore, we are dedicated to comprising every assignment and verifying the same data through effective anti-plagiarism tools.Besides we are also providing the best assignment help to the students at nominal charges. Submit your requirements now!

Emily Brontes Life and Its Mirror Image in Wuthering...

Emily Brontes Life and Its Mirror Image in Wuthering Heights As we look to the past for clues to some authors and their works we may find clues to why they may have written some of these great works of art in their own life stories. Life and questions about it may have some effect on what some wordsmiths put to paper. If careful consideration is given to the past life of Emily Bronte the novel Wuthering Heights may be seen as somewhat of a mirror of her life. Much of her life is shrouded in mystery, but there is evidence that can and should be looked at as similar to the lives of several of the characters with this great novel. According to Juliet Barker, Emily Jane Bronte was born July 30, 1818 (Barker 1). In†¦show more content†¦Neufeldt writes further that, she needed the noiseless, secluded, unrestricted, and un-artificial existence and close contact with nature that Haworth could offer (2). This description of Emily may sound somewhat like the personality the original Cathy, wild, reclusive, and freethinking. Could our author be demonstrating a thoughtful picture of how she viewed her own life? Emilys sister, Charlotte Bronte, wrote of her in our text Wuthering Heights that Emily had spent most of her life in, absolute retirement of a village parsonage, amongst the hills bordering Yorkshire and Lancashire (Poems, WH 268). Charlottes description of the hills of Emilys youth may again point to a life of seclusion amongst a wild and seemingly untamed environment. Even the description of Emilys homeland brings to mind descriptions she used in her novel. Emily did have one brother named Branwell. Her brother, according to Neufeldt, had a pathetic addiction to alcohol and opium (2). These apparent weaknesses could be compared to weakness the reader of Wuthering Heights may see in Hindley. Some may consider Hindleys cruelties toward Heathcliff and his later downfall due to gambling debts as signs of comparison to Emilys brother. It may seem apparent, to the reader, that Wuthering Heights could be a mirror, at least to some extent, of Emily Brontes own life.Show MoreRelatedThe Uncanny And Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1746 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1: Critical Commentary Freud’s The Uncanny and Emily Brontà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights The principal idea in Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of The Uncanny theory centres around the Heimlich, translating to ‘homely’ and thus, what is familiar, and the Unheimlich, which is often translated to what is ‘Uncanny’ defined as ‘what is [†¦] frightening precisely because it is not known and familiar’ (Freud, 1919) or later described as something that is ‘secretly familiar which has undergone repression’Read MoreLanguage Allows for the True Portrayal Identity of Others in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «1041 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity is how we define ourselves, how we see ourselves within our communities and it is what we portray to others. In the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « the eloquent use of language allows for the true portrayal of the identities of all the characters in the story. Emily uses anecdotes and metaphors to portray her characters in all their glory. Wuthering Heights is about the consecutive search for one’s true identity by two primary characters. This essay will specifically focus on CatherineRead MoreWuthering Heights: Conflict Between Savage and Civilised1601 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization in Wuthering Heights As Charlotte Bronte mentioned on sister Emily’s Wuthering Heights: †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦She did not know what she had done;† creative artists â€Å"work passively under dictates [they] neither delivered nor could question.† I can say that Emily Bronte knew what she was doing when approaching the issues of the Wuthering Heights. The antagonic play between nature and culture in Bronte’s vision were of great impact at the time and I could say that this is a reason why Wuthering Heights is a literaryRead More Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights can be considered a Gothic romance or an essay on the human relationship. The reader may regard the novel as a serious study of human problems such as love and hate, or revenge and jealousy. One may even consider the novel Brontes personal interpretation of the universe. However, when all is said and done, Heathcliff and Catherine are the story. Their powerful presence permeates throughoutRead MoreSympathetic Background in Wuthering Heights1044 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Emily Bronte use sympathetic background in Volume One to convey tragedy? Volume One contains a jittery narrative which is a mark of Bronte’s ominous style from which tragic events occur. With this jumping between events, there is an obvious foreshadowing of tragedy through a combination of pathetic fallacy, emotional symbolism and sympathetic background. Sympathetic background is the literary device where the surroundings mirror, mimic or elope with the emotions of the characters in itRead More Comparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown1228 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown      Ã‚   Throughout British Literature, compositions created by honored literary artists reflect current dominant lifestyles. The differences in prevailing environments are visible when comparing Emily Brontes Withering Heights and Charles Dickens Coketown. Bronte reveals the wild unbinding freedom available though country living predominate in the late 17th and early 18th century, whereas Dickens explains the disheartening effects of industrializationRead MoreThe Sinusoidal Nature Of Generations1310 Words   |  6 PagesSinusoidal Nature of Generations Emily Bronte’s melodramatic sensational novel, Wuthering Heights, is a heart-rending love story illustrated by a spectator narration. The story consumes the life of two romantic â€Å"soul mates† predestined to never ultimately be together and the impact of their lives on those who surround them. Each novel follows an undefined different story of a sole family. Gabriel Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude explores comparable themes as those in Bronte’s novel unraveling the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1562 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights presents, Heathcliff, one of literature’s most mysterious characters to be found in fiction. From his first appearance in the book, he comes off as a shadow of a man, brooding and dark; an angry misanthrope at best and an abusive tyrant at worst. There are moments in which the reader empathizes with Heathcliff and other times where he becomes quite irre deemable. Perhaps he is a victim of circumstance, or just a scheming interloper. Maybe a both or neither? In theRead MoreEssay on Emily Bronte Illusion and Reality3043 Words   |  13 PagesA consideration of how Emily Bronte, Tennessee Williams and Shakespeare consider the notion of illusion and reality in the context of a love story. Wuthering Heights follows the Romantic Movement, a movement within literature during the late 18th century with captured intense emotion and passion within writing as opposed to rationalisation. Emily Bronte’s main focal point within the novel is the extreme emotion of love and whether it leads to the characters contentment or ultimate calamity. ThisRead More Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay3561 Words   |  15 Pages contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage. Matthew Arnold, 1853.    Matthew Arnold was certainly forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Brontes   mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his reaction to her; Anne   Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer ;in April 1853 wrote in reaction to   Brontes other great work of rebellion, Jane Eyre, that she had to make   a protest against the outrages on decorum, the moral perversity, the   toleration, nay, indifference

Overpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation - 1529 Words

People Beget but Land Does Not Too many people. Too little space. There are already seven and a half billion people walking on the surfaces of the earth and is believed that there will be 9.6 billion people as of 2050, according to a UN report. As time passes by, population is rapidly increasing and there will be less space for people to reside in. Scientists say that this world cannot espouse many people on the next 50 years. This crisis is fatal that can entirely obliterate the whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situation where the number of existing human populace surpasses the carrying capability of Earth. There are main factors that are contributing overpopulation such as the rising birth rate and declining of mortality rate. Overpopulation occurs when the birth rate surpasses the mortality rate. Birth rate is currently increasing due unprotected and premarital sex. Every day, as estimated by UNICEF, there are 350,000 babies being born. That means 255 mothers are giving birth per minute or 4.3 babies are born per second. While death rate is diminishing because of the technology that improved created better medical treatments and developed high standard of public health. The number of babies born should be equal to the number of people that die in order for theShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation1102 Words   |  5 PagesIreland in the 1720’s, poverty and overpopulation were at a problematic rate. Many of the people who lived in England were exiled to Ireland. Many of these Englishmen felt mistreated and wronged. Ireland was a colony to England. The people of England had more money and power than the people of Ireland because England controlled Ireland. Johnathon Swift, a satirical writer, wrote â€Å"A Modest Proposal† to show the flaws of the current solutions to the overpopulation and poverty crisis in Ireland. He wantedRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Of Overpopulation1251 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: The Top Worry Yet to be Proven by the Worried The definition of hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, usually found within groups of people. An example of hysteria includes overpopulation, the futuristic â€Å"problem† that is not and will not be a dilemma in the foreseeable future. Back in 15,000 B.C., the world population was five million. Today, it is a staggering seven billion plus. This has caused unease that overpopulation will be a problem for our future generationsRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, in demography, the term overpopulation refers to a condition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between the population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent betweenRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1747 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation Programs There are many organizations that deal with the problem of overpopulation or problems related to the effects of overpopulation such as environmental effects. Some of the organizations that I found related to this topic are the United Nations Population Fund, a group called Population Matters, another group called the World Population Balance and the Center for Biological Diversity. All of these groups deal with the issue of overpopulation and the effects that overpopulationRead MoreThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation872 Words   |  4 PagesHuman overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current populationRead MoreOverpopulation a Problem?1464 Words   |  6 PagesIs Overpopulation a Serious Problem? This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today its estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulationRead MoreOverpopulation : The Convoluted Problems Of Overpopulation896 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation The convoluted problems concerning overpopulation remain to be a highly discussed issue in various countries throughout the world. Some issues that are in support of overpopulation include the opportunity to place innovative ideas into action, aids in stimulating the economy, creates job openings in new growing industries, increased human resources, encourages competition, advancement in urbanization and development, creates a demand for industries like farming, and allows for cheaperRead MoreOverpopulation Is Not The Problem1395 Words   |  6 Pages Overpopulation Overpopulation is a prominent controversial topic among society, in which some believe the exponential growth of humanity is detrimental to its future, whereas others conclude this theory is a myth due to human nature and resources. In Isaac Asimov’s, â€Å"The Case Against Man†, he elucidated the verity of overpopulation, emphasizing that the disproportion of earth’s carrying capacity and its resources will inevitably lead to humanity’s demise. Introducing the notion thatRead MoreThe Problem Of The Overpopulation Problem1122 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps one solution for the overpopulation problem is to provide all children, who have reached puberty with Reproductive Education License of Four (REL4). REL4 is a two-step solution program that will provide education and contraception, which will decrease the population growth. Jennifer Weeks (2015) article, â€Å"Global Population Growth,† discusses the number of women without access to birth contro l. Research conducted by a nonprofit organization showed nearly 225 million women globally, includingRead MoreOverpopulation Is Still The Problem1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article Overpopulation Is Still the Problem, Alon Tal (2013) claims that overpopulation remains the number one problem facing the world today and discusses various problems and possible solutions. Tal unveils the falsely assuring news stories refuting overpopulation as a problem. He particularly dissects Ellis Erle’s assertions, in the New York Times, concerning China’s seemingly magical works of technology. Erle comes to the conclusion that China’s amazing technology has and will always be

The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists Free Essays

Working conditions are intolerable; our situation is becoming more excruciating as the time goes by. Father Gapon has been like a ray of Gratifying light that has shone through our darkened hope and made it come to life once again. Four members of the Assembly of Russian workers were dismissed at the putilov iron works 2 days ago and father Gapon true to his word has assisted us by calling for industrial action. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists or any similar topic only for you Order Now 110,000 workers in St Petersburg, including myself, have now gone out on strike. We now sit impatiently anxious to see what our next step of action shall be and how it may affect our life in the days yet to come. Will we fail and go back to our insufferable conditions as they were before, Will we come out on top and get given the tolerable treatment we deserve, or worse yet will we suffer such a humiliating defeat that our conditions worsen from what they once were. Sitting here I can not help but allow such thoughts to surface in my mind, after all this is a significant action by which my life can suffer a vast transformation, whether it will be for better or worse, is still yet to come. January 18th Another day has begun and yet another decision has been made Father Gapon has decided to make a personal appeal to the Tsar. He has wrote a petition asking to give us healthier working conditions, we have requested a reduction in working days from 10hours to 8hours, a increase in wages and an improvement in working conditions amongst others. The response to our petition amongst the workers is overwhelming as an infinite amount of people have signed the petition. We shall go to the winter palace on the 22nd of January to present our petition, in hopes to get a positive response to the requests we have made. I live in hope till the day comes for us to present our petition to the tsar and receive a response expectantly a constructive one at that. 22nd January 1905 As we marched through the Winter palace we were road blocked by the army, we attempted to get them out of our way in a calm and rational manner however despite our attempts they refused to move and let us in. Unable to think of any alternative we only saw one action we could take that could possibly give us an opportunity to move the army out of our path. Crouching down to the ground the protestors and I gathered stones of the ground and regrettably threw them at the army, although it was regrettable we had no alternative, the army put us in a tough situation from which we could not get out of without putting up a fight. The army inevitably fought back using water cannon and rubber bullets to disperse of the crowd we had formed, however as they begun to fight back we refused to back down, we wanted our rights to be given to us, we wanted to be treated with respect and be addressed to by others with some common decency, is that so much to ask? What we did was not a crime we could have gone much further with the matter however we did not, we merely stood up for our own rights. We all began to scream and panic scattering away from one another as a trigger was pulled and a gun shot was heard going off. Within seconds thirteen of our allies are lying dead on the ground they had just minutes ago picked stones up from, others were wounded and the remainder in shock. The army when questioned claimed they only returned fire, however how could this be true when we approached the winter palace unarmed? It is undeniably clear that we could not have fired any shots, we did not fire any shots, and the only shots that were fired were those of the armed force. How to cite The Bloody Sunday-Industrialists, Papers

Corporate governance consequences of accounting

Question: Discuss about the Corporate governance consequences of accounting. Answer: Three main items are present in the statement of financial position of the organisations, out of which equity is significant. Autosports Group Limited is not an exception from this rule. In compliance with the balance sheet statement of the organisation in 2017, three main items are listed in equity section, which include issued capital, share-based payments reserve and retained profits. Issued capital is the equity of the business organisations (Atanasov and Black 2016). The firms utilise in raising a part of capital needed for their businesses. The issued capital is calculated by multiplying the par value of the shares with the number of outstanding shares. The annual report of the organisation states that the issued capital has fallen from $478,500,000 in 2016 to $475,637,000 in 2017 (Investors.autosportsgroup.com.au 2018). The main items falling under issued capital comprise of issuance of ordinary shares, cost of issuance of shares and income tax associated with issuance of shares. The next item in the equity of Autosports Group Limited is reserves. According to the financial accounting concept, reserve is taken into account as a part of the equity of the firm. This is adjudged in the form of additional amount except for primary share capital. The recent annual report of Autosports Group Limited states that it has issued shares-based payments reserve in 2017, which is valued at $392,000; however, no such reserves are there in 2016. In addition, the latest annual report of Autosports Group Limited states that it has positive retained profits amounting to $12,198,000; however, it has experienced retained losses in 2016 amounting to ($101,000). Hence, it could be said that the organisation has made more profits than losses. The constituents involved in the retained profits of Autosports Group Limited are net income available to the shareholders, dividends paid or provided and effect of restatement (Schaltegger, Etxeberria and Ortas 2017). Thus, all the above-described constituents are the main equity items in the organisation. In the global firms, various forms of expenses could be seen and they are selling expenses, administrative expenses and other expenses. Out of these expenses, tax expense could be considered as one of them. Moreover, tax expense is taken into account in the form of main liabilities of the companies owing to the state, federal and municipal governments of the nation (Damodaran 2016). The tax expense is computed through multiplication of the suitable business tax with the income before taxes after some main items are factored such as tax assets, non-deductible items and tax liabilities. Autosports Group Limited is not exempted from this, since it incurs tax expenses as well. Based on the recent annual report of the organisation, the income tax expense has been $6,035,000 in 2017, which was $8,000,000 million in 2016. Based on the rules of the taxation law of Australia, the corporate tax rate is 30% (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). According to this tax rate, the overall tax expenses for Autosports Group Limited would be $5,526,900 in 2017, which was $101,400,000 in 2016. This is the major tax expense of the firm for the years 2016 and 2017. It could be identified that the overall tax expenses of the organisation have fallen in 2017 due to decline in income for the organisation in that year. Based on the above discussion, it could be stated that Autosports Group Limited has recorded total tax expense of $6,035,000 in 2017, which was $8,000,000 in 2016. On the other hand, if the tax rate is followed, the overall tax expenses for Autosports Group Limited would be $5,526,900 in 2017, which was $101,400,000 in 2016. Hence, a clear variation in the tax expense of the organisation could be observed. For Autosports Group Limited, there are some particular reasons for the variations in tax expenses despite of having the identical tax rate of 30%. However, few specified items are included or not taken into account in the preliminary overall tax expenditures. The initial item is non-deductible expense in order to ascertain taxable profits (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). However, few expenses in the organisation need not be subtracted from its overall income. Due to this, $638,000 and $879,000 are included in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The next item includes the use of various tax rates for the subsidiaries of the organisation. In Australia, the rate of tax is 30%, while in case of USA and New Zealand, the tax rates are 34% and 28% respectively (Graetz and Warren Jr 2014). Because of such variation in the rate of tax, certain amount is subtracted from the actual tax expenses of the organisation. The next item includes the availability of deferred tax assets. With the help of deferred tax assets, tax advantages could be sought (Agrawal and Cooper 2017). For this reason, $3,897,000 has been deducted from the tax expense of Autosports Group Limited in 2017. Some other items need to be included as well with the tax expense of the organisation. The final item is the availability of non-assessable incomes. There are certain incomes, which do not need to be evaluated in accordance with taxation. Hence, an inclusion of $1,547,000 is made with the overall tax expenses. In the words of Richardson, Taylor and Lanis (2015), deferred tax assets and liabilities are the major concepts that are associated with the tax operation of the organizations. The situation, in which the organisations make prepaid tax on their financial assets or overpay taxes, is termed as deferred tax assets. On the contrary, deferred tax liabilities signify a situation, in which a variation could be observed in profit and the carrying amount of tax of the organisation (Taylor and Richardson 2014). For Autosports Group Limited, it could be viewed that the organisation has disclosed deferred tax assets as well as deferred tax liabilities in its balance sheet statement. The deferred tax assets of the organisation have been $3,897,000 in 2017, which were $3,900,000 in 2016. Along with this, the organisation has deferred tax liability base of $5,948,000 in 2017, which was $4,000,000 in 2016. By taking into account the accounting norms and regulations, there are few reasons to develop deferred tax assets and liabilities. For deferred tax assets, the cause might be the additional depreciation amount on the part of the organisation because of the difference in rate of taxable depreciation and depreciation. Because of the additional depreciation payment, Autosports Group Limited would not have to incur the excess tax in the upcoming year; hence, it is taken into account as asset. In case of deferred tax liabilities, the temporary variations in business profits might be the cause, which has resulted in lower tax payment of the organisation in the existing year (McClure et al. 2018). Hence, it becomes mandatory for the organisation to repay the same in the upcoming years, which is the main reason of its consideration in the form of liability. Income tax payable or current tax asset is adjudged as a significant aspect for the global organisations. According to the annual report of Autosports Group Limited, it has disclosed about its current tax asset. It has been found that the income tax payable of the organisation has been $4,980,000 in 2017; however, no income tax payable is reported in the year 2016. In organisations, it could be observed that there is a variation between income tax payable and income tax expense and there are some particular reasons that could be held for such disparity. The basic reason is the availability of deferred tax assets. There are many examples, in which the organisation incurs additional tax amounts in contrast to the tax expenses (Dyreng, Hoopes and Wilde 2016). In this condition, the additional amount of tax paid would be adjudged in the form of deferred tax assets, which would result in variation. The next reason is that the rules pertaining to financial accounting and tax accounting differ from each other. In this dimension, it is noteworthy to mention the concept of depreciation. The variation for depreciation could be observed in case of tax accounting as well as financial accounting due to the use of different depreciation methods (King 2016). Therefore, the final depreciation amount payable could rise or decline. These could be stated as the p rimary reasons behind the variations between income tax expense and income tax payable (Burkhauser, Hahn and Wilkins 2015). Based on the financial statements of Autosports Group Limited, the organisation has disclosed its tax-related expenditure in both the income statement and the cash flow statement. However, there are variations in tax expenses, which are depicted in the cash flow statement and the income statement. Under the income statement, the income tax expense has been $6,035,000 in 2017, which was $8,000,000 million in 2016. Under the cash flow statement, the income tax paid has been $6,760,000 in 2017, while in 2016; it has not recorded any income tax paid. Some particular reasons are there for this variation in both the above-depicted statements in relation to tax expense. Under the income statement, the organisation has depicted the entire taxation amount by using the tax rate of 30% on the profit before tax. However, the situation is dissimilar in case of the cash flow statement. In this regard, Murphy (2016) advocated that the tax expense falls under the operating cash flows. Moreover, in the section of the statement of cash flow, there is different for few items laid out in the income statement. This signifies that various modifications have occurred in the current asset and liability base of the organisations. In case of Autosports Group Limited, the income tax payment is taken into account in the form of current asset. Under the cash flow statement, some minimisation in the constituents of income tax has been brought signifying the usage of cash. This denotes that there is cut off of few components of tax expense, before they are considered in the cash flow statement (Dowling 2014). Because of these reasons, the variation in tax expense could be observed in both the income statement and the cash flow statement. After the tax treatment is observed for the financial reports of Autosports Group Limited, it is to be said that the organisation has presented its tax-related information in a fashion that any user would not find any confusing or surprising element within the same. The organisation has carried out all its tax treatments by adhering to the regulations and principles of the taxation law of Australia. Moreover, the organisation has laid down all the justifications and descriptions of the different influential dynamics of taxation such as rate of tax, income tax payable, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and others. However, few interesting stuffs have been found in relation to the tax treatment of the organisation. The most significant factor is the description made on the part of the organisation in relation to the difference identified in the overall tax expense. It has provided description about the five main influential dynamics accountable to create difference in tax expense. This is depicted with the help of various tables present in the annual report of the organisation. Another significant factor is the variation in tax expense, as identified from the statement of income and the statement of cash flow. All these exciting factors are highly valuable to increase the knowledge and understanding needed in business taxation. From this evaluation, an individual could obtain insight and understanding regarding the tax treatment of the Australian organizations. References: Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2017. Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover.Quarterly Journal of Finance,7(01), p.1650014. Atanasov, V. and Black, B., 2016. Shock-based causal inference in corporate finance and accounting research. Burkhauser, R.V., Hahn, M.H. and Wilkins, R., 2015. Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia.The Journal of Economic Inequality,13(2), pp.181-205. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Damodaran, A., 2016.Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance(Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons. Dowling, G.R., 2014. The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.173-184. Dyreng, S.D., Hoopes, J.L. and Wilde, J.H., 2016. Public pressure and corporate tax behavior.Journal of Accounting Research,54(1), pp.147-186. Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015.Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Graetz, M.J. and Warren Jr, A.C., 2014. Unlocking Business Tax Reform.Tax Notes,145, pp.707-712. Investors.autosportsgroup.com.au., 2018.Investor Centre | Autosports Group. [online] Available at: https://investors.autosportsgroup.com.au/investors/?page=annual-reports [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. King, M., 2016. Offshore hubs: Developments in multinational corporate tax anti-avoidance.Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal,35(2), p.142. McClure, R., Lanis, R., Wells, P. and Govendir, B., 2018. The impact of dividend imputation on corporate tax avoidance: The case of shareholder value.Journal of Corporate Finance,48, pp.492-514. Murphy, C., 2016. The effects on consumer welfare of a corporate tax cut.Arndt-Corden Department of Economics Working Paper, (2016/10). Richardson, G., Taylor, G. and Lanis, R., 2015. The impact of financial distress on corporate tax avoidance spanning the global financial crisis: Evidence from Australia.Economic Modelling,44, pp.44-53. Schaltegger, S., Etxeberria, I.. and Ortas, E., 2017. Innovating Corporate Accounting and Reporting for SustainabilityAttributes and Challenges.Sustainable Development,25(2), pp.113-122. Taylor, G. and Richardson, G., 2014. Incentives for corporate tax planning and reporting: Empirical evidence from Australia.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,10(1), pp.1-15.

Human Cloning Essays (553 words) - Cloning, Molecular Biology

Human Cloning Alvin A. Soriano February 14, 2000 A pleasant morning Ladies and Gentlemen. I would like to share my views on why cloning should be legalized in the Philippines. We, the experts in the Institute of Technological Technologies feel that with the careful continuation of research, the technological benefits of cloning clearly outweigh the possible social consequences. We think that final products of cloning, like farm animals, and laboratory mice will not be the most important achievement. The applications of cloning as we envision are not nightmarish and inhumane, but will improve the overall quality of science and life. Cloning will help to produce discoveries that will effect the study of genetics, cell development, human growth, and obstetrics. Human cloning is not the issue. It is merely a threat to the continuation of cloning research. The arguments of my peers and other experts are as follows: According to Sir Colin Campbell of Nottingham University, cloning experiments may add to the understanding of genetics and lead to the creation of animal organs that can be easily accepted by humans. This would supply limitless organs to those in need. The growth of the human organs is similar to the growth at which cancer cells propagate. If information derived from cloning research allows scientists to stop the division of the human ovum, a technique for terminating cancer may be found. Therefore, if cloning is legalized research for human spare parts and the cure for cancer will endure. Being successful in making this dream a reality will become distinct. My second argument came from the brilliant mind of Susanne Hutner who is a director of two biotechnological program at the University of California. She said that cloning could also be used for parents who risk passing a defect to a child. A fertilized ovum could be cloned, and the duplicate tested for disease and disorder. If the clone was free from defects, then other would be as well. The latter could be implanted in the womb. Dr. George Seidel Jr., a distinguished Physiology professor at the Colorado State University, said that damage to the nervous system could be treated through cloning. Damaged adult nerve tissue does not regenerate on its own. However, stem cells might be able to repair the damaged tissue. Because of the large number of cells required, human embryo cloning would be required. In in-vitro fertilization, a doctor often implants many fertilized ova into a woman's uterus and counts on one resulting in pregnancy. However, some women can only supply one egg. Through cloning, that egg could be divided into eight zygotes for implanting. The chances of pregnancy would be much greater. Therefore, because cloning can bring medical and also scientific breakthroughs, it is imperative that cloning be legalized. It is like a cave wherein there is lots of gold but no one tries to mine there because there is a belief that ghosts dwell in that certain cave! Ladies and Gentlemen: we can say that life is the most important possession we have. The only thing that we propose is give us the chance to preserve this life that you cherish. Through cloning we can not only preserve life but also let the people enjoy it by not having the burden of having dangerous diseases and congenital defects. Bibliography nothin... Speech and Communication Essays

buy custom Domestic versus Imported Goods essay

buy custom Domestic versus Imported Goods essay Today American market offers exceptionally wide range of goods and services due to intensive development of the global trade. Both online and retail stores offer domestic and imported goods for sale, and consumers are free to make their choice. However, disputes are often rising over whether buying imported instead of domestic goods contributes to weakening of the American domestic market. The purpose of this essay is to reveal major issues that refer to imported versus domestic goods competition by comparing two similar items of clothing. In addition, the paper focuses on the impact of buying imported rather than domestic goods. We had chosen two items from online shops to conduct the comparative analysis. One of them is an imported item and another is an item produced by the U.S. brand. This first refers to the pair of shoes by GrownSewn, a famous American brand, and costs $275. The chosen model is Beloit 6, plain toe boots. It is available in two colors, black and brown. The size ranges from 7.5 to 12, but only two of them are available, 8.5 and 10. The pair of boots belongs to the lasting collection that exists since 1892. Each item in it is made out of American produced materials. Undoubtedly, American consumers can afford such shoes, as the price is reasonable and corresponds to products quality. owever, a similar model of boots by Zara, a Spanish world famous brand, is much more lucrative choice. Zara offers alike pair of shoes of high quality for lower price, namely $139. These boots are made out of cow leather; the sole consists of thermoplastic rubber and reconstitute leather, which are absolutely reliable. Second, all the sizes are available in the online shop. Finally, Zara offers other alternatives of this good for reasonable prices. All these factors increase the likelihood of higher sales in Zara rather than in GrownSewn. Imported product obviously has a beneficial impact on financial resources, as the customer will save $136. Buying an imported boots has numerous advantages not only for American consumers but for the entire sector of domestic economy. It creates competition and encourages domestic producers to reduce prices (Manzella, 2013). Also, import assists the quality of life to improve by preventing inflation. Eventually, due to import, people may spend more money on education, health, and other spheres that largely contribute to economic development (Manzella, 2013). Moreover, import has a positive influence on the development of domestic firms, encouraging them to improve their strategies and to achieve greater competitiveness. The experts suggest that domestic firms should focus on goods quality increase to attract consumers and to cope with their international competitors (Amiti Khandelwal, 2009). Even if goods are of excellent quality, there are things to improve and to make the products more attractive. However, upgrading goods quality does not obviously result in a sustainable growth and competitiveness. There are many additional suggestions, such as developing new effective business strategies, involving modern technologies and others. However, import may also have negative impact on nations economy. For example, import leads to domestic goods substitution and domestic economy becomes less self-sufficient. What is more, if products that can be manufactured in the USA are simply imported, the manufacture would decrease and people would lose their jobs (Manzella, 2013). In conclusion, today foreign goods can easily enter domestic markets, and the U.S. market is not an exception. Consequently, American customers have an access to much wider choice of goods. This permits people to save and to invest their money into other sectors of domestic economy, such as education. However, each product purchased from foreign companies dooms the U.S. domestic companies for extremely tough competition, encourages them to improve production and to reduce costs, decreases of domestic manufacture and raises of unemployment rates. Buy custom Domestic versus Imported Goods essay

Educational Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational - Research Paper Example These topics were as following: their family situation, employment, their non-educational activities, financial security, their evaluation of the quality of education and their opinion concerning social services and support. The results of the research showed that more students with advantage surroundings had the parents with higher education, compared with the students from disadvantage surroundings. On the contrary, the students from disadvantage surroundings revealed a stronger tendency to be involved into paid employment. As the result, the students with disadvantage surroundings were less involved into non-educational activity, and less time was devoted to the communication by these students. The research also demonstrated equal results as regards to the questions of the education quality and financial concerns. Basing upon the results of the research the authors suggest necessary changes that are to be carried out to provide more favourable conditions for the students with disadvantage backgrounds. The research approach (methodology/technique) used by the author is cohort study, carried out with the help of questionnaire. The types of study are as follows: longitudinal study, cohort study, cross sectional study, and trend study. The definition of the cohort study is as follows(Cohen et al, 2000): Where successive measures are taken at different points in time from the same respondents, the term 'follow up study' or 'cohort study' is used in the British literature. In a cohort study a specific population is tracked over a specific period of time but selective sampling within that example occurs. This means that some members of a cohort may not be included each time. Advantages of Cohort study are(Cohen et al, 2000): 1. They permit researchers to examine individual variations in characteristics or traits, and to produce individual growth curves. This approach allowed the authors represent the data with the help of diagrams, where the results for each group were represented separately and could be compared to each other. 2. Cohort analysis is especially useful in sociological research because it can show how changing properties of individuals fit together into changing properties of social systems as a whole. This study observed various aspects of students' living basing upon social background of their living and their families, and the results make evident necessary changes that are to be carried out to improve bad conditions. 3. Finally, time, always a limiting factor in experimental and interview settings, is generally more readily available in cohort studies, allowing the researcher greater opportunity to observe trends and to distinguish 'real' changes from chance occurrences (see Bailey, 1978) . As the authors state, "this data allows us to both hone in on a particular time point for thorough analysis (e.g. the third year) as well as examine trends over time." Disadvantages of Cohort study are(Cohen et al, 2000): 1. During the course of a long-term cohort study, subjects drop out, are lost or refuse further co-operation. Such attrition makes it unlikely that those who remain in the study are as representative of the population as the sample that was originally drawn. The authors admit that there could be important issues to reflect the notions of the students from disadvantage background, and these issues could have been missed in this study. Another approaches that provide for more

Dietary Guidelines Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dietary Guidelines - Assignment Example A fit body and a healthy diet are the building blocks of a healthy life. If the body is healthy, its direct impact is positive on your mind .Also our body deserves the best timely nourishment in order to get optimum output. Keeping a track of your fitness level helps you to understand your physical requirements and lead a healthy life. I am a 24 years old male living in an apartment all by myself. I have to cook my own food but don't cook on a regular basis due to my lifestyle and mostly eat out. I play Tennis (State Player) and train with ATP professionals .I exercise in a Gym all by myself as I don't have any personal fitness trainer. My more focus while exercising is on the upper body and therefore my lower body is weaker than the upper body. Whenever I do weights the lactic acid produced in the muscles decreases the flexibility of body muscles. I spend 3 days a week for Tennis and Gym and occasionally enjoy swimming. I mostly drive and walking habit is almost negligible in my lifestyle. The above results show my sporting endeavor. I am of standard height and my BMI is normal. My Waist to Hip Ratio indicates that my body shape is in proportion to the body weight. My skin folds (percentage of Body fat) are slightly high as compared to normal (higher than 14% in men). My body has a high capacity to transport oxygen to muscles for utilization and generation of energy as proven by VO2 Max test. My Sit and Reach Flexibility test gives a good score (Paul Roetert, Todd S. Ellen Becker, Page 19); my muscular endurance is good as proven by Push Up and Sit Up tests. The strength of my forearms is good and I am right handed person as the test results for right hand were higher than the left. My shoulder flexibility has a high variance when compared between right and left. Right arm shoulder flexibility is excellent wherein the flexibility for Left Shoulder is below average. My Shoulder Press indicates low shoulder muscle endurance unlike Bicep curl which is indeed a good weigh t. In my speed test, timing was good in 10m sprint (burnt 1174.5 calories) while I didn't score well in 20m sprint (2350 calories burnt). 505 Agility test indicates that my ability to change directions when required while running was not good at all. The result for Bench Press Test calculated in Per Body Weight (1.3414) was good. The evaluation of my lower body strength i.e. Leg Press was Poor. 24 hours Diet Recall Dietary Assessment Nutrient My

Company needs to analyze the general environment

Company needs to analyze the general environment A large company needs to analyze the general environment when making global strategy and doing international business. Included by the general environment, the terms of demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological and global have different impacts on the strategy of a company. Demographic In the term of demographic, it can be divided into two factors, gender and age, which are important to the market of Nike, because Nike, a large multinational company, has stores in almost all regions over the world, and the strategy making can be focused on these two factors. Focused on the gender, the market of female is great and the need of sportswear for women is high. Firstly, the women sports players are getting more and more professional and begin to stand on the stage of the world high level games such as Olympic Games and grand slam in tennis, which makes female sports players and their fans have a need of sportswear. Secondly, with the development of the society of most countries, women are getting aware the importance of their rights (Foster, 2001), which helps them have a thought of taking sports like males. Also, in the term of age, Nike has a market of middle aged people in some countries especially in China, and it can provide casual sportswear to meet the target customers needs. First of all, though Nike used Jordan to make advertisement several years ago and changed the person who cooperates with the company, the fans of the heroes will not change and still have a need of Nike sportswear (Jung, 2005). Also, after entering the Chinese market in 1995, the revenue of Nike is stably growing and gains a group of people who have high loyalty of the Nike brand (Jung, 2005), and the age of these loyal customers is getting higher, which may become a huge needs of sportswear suitable for middle aged people. Through demographic, the females and middle aged people may have a huge need of Nike sportswear and will become a large market. And, when Nike is meeting the youngsters needs of profession, the middle aged customers may have more needs of fitness rather than competition. So Nike can design some new series of sportswear to meet their needs. Political/legal To save the cost is essential for a large company like Nike; Asian sourcing has allowed low manufacturing costs relative to the quality of the products. Thus, Asian sourcing has always been nearly as central to Nike strategy as using famous athletes to attest to the virtues of Nike equipment in athletic performances (Kahle, Boush and Phelps, 2000, p43). However, Nike is blamed for using low labor in low cost lacking of humanity. Nike seems to pay salaries lower than the standard given by the Indian government (Jung, 2005). This problem will leave really negative influences on Nike. Also, outsourcing production to factories in Vietnam and labors are used without human rights, such as working overtime and being neglected the health situation, brings out conflicts between the company and the society. Nike may lose its reputation among customers, and the brand of Nike may become not as cool as it should be. When the challenge started coming about labor conditions in Vietnam and Southeast Asia and other parts of the world, everyone heard about Nike workers without, of course, making the distinction that they were contract workers. When all of this was going on, about a third of the senior managers were in tears during the meeting. They were embarrassed- with their neighbors, their families, and their friends- by being Nike employees. Said Schwartz (2000, p8) The legality of labor using should be concerned by Nike even it just outsource the production to other factories, because the legality may affect Nikes reputation a lot. And both the revenue and the royalty of customers will be affected by the changes of reputation. So, the legality is what manufacturing companies like Nike has to concern about, because society confirms a businesss legitimacy, and failure to consider societal impact can destroy a reputation. (Schwartz, 2000, p7) Economic The economic situation for a country should be concerned by companies doing international business like Nike, because peoples budget that affects the marketing potential is influenced by the economy and financial policy of the country. Since the needs of the market will depend on the budget and economic behavior of people (Boje, 2001), companies should think about the economic term. With the broken out of subprime crisis, the economy of US is going worse, and a large number of countries, such as Iceland, have been negatively influenced, which will lead to a retrench of budget and the market. Also, in countries who are sensitive to finance such as US, UK and Swiss, people are going with the budget strictly (Francesco and Gold, 2001, p27), and with the downward economic situation, the market may get smaller. However, the markets in the regions not affected greatly such as Asia and Middle Eastern is more stable relatively. Under this kind of situation, the needs of products and the market should become lower and smaller. Also, with the growth of the cost, it may lead to a reduction of revenue in the whole and restrict the development of Nike in the worldwide market though Nike may have the capability to keep the market share and still win the competition among Adidas, Puma and Nike. Sociocultural As a sportswear company, Nike needs to know what the socioculture, a persons understanding of sports, should be in a region or a field of sports events. First of all, it is found that people are always showing the respect to heroes, especially the sports heroes in real life (Jung, 2005), so companies including Nike uses excellent sports players like Jordan to make film and advertisements for it in order to develop peoples adoration to the heroes so that the needs will be created. Also, because of the culture of success adoration, the needs may get enhanced if fans of the heroes feel that Nike can make positive effects on them. And Nike got additional market value when Tiger is in contention to win and a positive impact on his performance because of Nikes products is believed by the society (Farrell, Karels and McClatchey, 2000, p3). However, people in different areas have different sociocultures on sport events, such as soccer for Europe and basketball for US, so when making strategi es, Nike can try to identify the different needs in the target markets. So, to understand the socioculture of a region can help companies like Nike define its target market and find an appropriate way to make marketing and promotion. Also, according to the sports culture of an area and the needs of target market, to communicate with local players and design a product with them might be helpful in terms of both market and technology. Technological Customers nowadays have higher requirements on the technology of the products. Firstly, people are more captious than before. The technology of Nike Air gets blamed because people find that the air cannot support feet enough and may lead to injury(CBC News, 2006). Also, people need Nikes products be made with the technology of not only fitness and safety but also fashionable and cool one such as IT technology. Nike is working with Apple and produce Nike+ with a sensor connecting iPod in order to meet peoples needs. The needs of hi-tech make companies like Nike and IT companies like Apple come together, working out a strategy and making innovation in order to enhance the strength of them and achieve the markets needs. Global With the pace of globalization, areas in different parts of the world get connection and MNCs are setting more and more stores in different regions. Though Nike has great quantity of store all over the world, it can control all the stores at the same time (Hansen and Nohria, 2006, p12). However, though countries go closer because of the globalization, special needs in different cultures are still exist, which makes Nikes products have some differences when selling in different regions. This situation leaves Nikes products a diversification even in one series. But too diversified products will lead to a mass in the market and make customers feel confusing (Hemp, 2006, p50). Nike should make some differences in its products in order to meet different needs, but the standardization of products should also be focused. So, to make the balance between centralization and diversification of the products is what Nike should concern about in the global market. Industrial Environment In the term of industrial environment, the five forces model created by Michael Porter will be used to analyze Nike. Rivalry among competing firms Since Nike is an international company that has their product selling worldwide, it has countless of competitors, including many domestic local firms. However, only a few international companies are Nikes major competitors, such as Adidas, Reebok and Puma. Also, merger makes the athletics industry more concentrated. Nike bought Converse in 2003 and Adidas bought Reebok in August 2005, and half of the worldwide market is shared by these two top players (Jung, 2005). And, the notable companies such as Adidas, New Balance have different values and markets. Nike has a main market for US basketball while Adidass is European soccer and fashion and casual sports for New Balance, which makes them have different markets and target customers. However, to enter a new market like soccer is not easy for Nike even it made great efforts. Nike worked with Google to create joga.com, an Orkut-like site for soccer fans (Christopher, 2008, p6) in order to develop the soccer market which is defined as on e of the most important in terms of growth rate (Pagliano, 2004). So the rivalry among competing firms is low because there are few companies with strong competing power, but the competition among large companies is great. And, if Nike wants to develop the soccer market in Europe, the great investment on advertising and a method of changing the classic and traditional culture of Europeans should be concerned. Threat of new entrants Top players, such as Nike, Adidas and Puma, in the footwear industry made a high entry barrier to reduce the threat of new comers. First of all, these companies put a great investment on advertisement and marketing. Nike had 50 sponsored Athletes win a gold medal in Athens 2004. Adidas spent $80 million for the Official Sportswear partner title in Beijing 2008. And the high investment makes new firms hard to compete with them, even enter the market because sales for companies in this industry mainly depend on the marketing performance (Christopher, 2008, p6). Innovation is another way to keep a lead on would be competitors. Companies are making efforts to develop their technology and create new functions such as Nike+, the sensor connecting with iPod, which can not only gain more customers but also keep new firms with low technology out of the worldwide market. However, though Nike and Adidas are leading the market, a local company, Li-Ning, came to the worldwide market. Li-Ning sponsors 4 Chinese teams for the Olympics, and its products are about half as expensive as those of its foreign rivals, and its network of stores dwarfs that of any other player (Terjesen, 2007), which might be the advantage for Li-Ning. So, local companies may succeed to enter the local market and use its low price as advantage to compete with leaders though the entering barrier is high. Nike should focus on the new comers with both the development of technology and lower price who might become a strong threat to top players in the future when making strategies, even though these local companies cannot compete with Nike today. Threats of substitutes Since athletic shoes and sportswear are designed to improve comfort and personal safety during sports, the substitutes for athletic footwear products are low because there are little alternatives to switch. Though people except athletes are still likely to use boots or sandals to substitute sportswear, doing sports is an essential and basic factor in peoples life and the need of sportswear is exist for everyone. Therefore, there are no real substitutes for athletic footwear and sportswear. Bargaining power of supplier In order to reduce the cost, Nike make outsourcing of their process of production to low labor cost countries, mainly China and Vietnam. Nikes products are manufactured in more than 700 factories and more than 500,000 workers in 51 countries, but only over 20000 direct employees for Nike working in US (Locke, 2006, p6). Suppliers have very low power since they are competing worldwide with thousands of other suppliers. Also, firms like Nike are able to switch between suppliers quickly and cheaply, so these suppliers become dependent on these firms for survival. And, the competition among factories is really high even problems such as low wages in Indonesia, child labor in Pakistan and health and safety problems in Vietnam occurred (Locke, 2006, pp.13-16) because of the low bargaining power of supplier. Bargaining power of buyer The threat of bargaining power of buyer is low because customers do not have a lot of choices when they are choosing athletic wears. First of all, unlike other products, footwear has its own function such as an improvement of safety. Customers, especially athletes, have a need of the technology of the shoes which is the strength of large companies such as Adidas, Nike even Li-Ning. Also, the fans of sports players will use what the players use, which helps companies like Nike and Adidas build a loyalty of customers. The sales of Nike Golf products grew a lot when Tiger Woods showed an improvement in his performance (Farrell, Karels and McClatchey, 2000, p3) because customers also want to improve their performance by using Nikes products. However, though the bargaining power of buyer is low in the industry, some people are buying products of Nike because of the apotheosis of their sports heroes, which shows that a lot of customers may have a loyalty to other brand like Adidas and Li-Ning. So to attract people without brand loyalty is much easier and more important than concentrating on those with a high loyalty to their heroes. Conclusion The analysis of general environment and industrial environment can be concluded that Nike nowadays is under low threats in the industry with some problems still existing. Also, as a leading company of sportswear industry, Nike should not only focus on the development of technology and working with companies in other industries, but also keep the high quality of marketing and promotion. And, the factories Nike does outsourcing business with should be executed by direct employees from Nike because the neglecting of the problems happened in these factories will result in a loss of reputation. With the pace of globalization, there are both threats and opportunities for Nike. And to concern the environment of the industry and the world market will help Nike make strategies and develop more easily and scientifically.

Killing- the only way to solve problems? Essay

At about two o’clock. The argument between the Montague and the Capulet has once more messed up the whole town. A woman with a baby said: â€Å"It is not safe to walk on the streets with children any more. This is the third time that the two (Montague and Capulet) families have been fighting against each other in open public places. If anything like that happens then it must be those two families. † Sampson who is a servant of the Capulet family, and Abraham who is a servant of the Montague were the main people of these incidents. From a witness’s information, Sampson started the fight. He went up to Abraham and annoyed him by telling him that he is better than him as a servant. Abraham did not care about what he said and walk away. Sampson didn’t get what he wanted, so he kicked the old man who is also a servant of the Montague’s family. Abraham could not stand the rudeness of him. So he asked to draw with that man. As soon as they took out their swords, all the people who are in their families took out their swords as well. They messed up all the markets. It was like a war: Chickens were flying across the streets: vegetables were making to pieces. Women with children were running away trying to protect their children. People were throwing things from the windows†¦ On of the Capulet’s servant said: â€Å"Capulet heard the noises out at the center place. He asked for long sword. And run out to join the ‘war’. When Montague heard about the fight, he wanted to fight as well. Because he knows that it must be the Capulet that they were going to fight with. His wife held him, but that doesn’t do anything. He told his wife to let him go and he went to fight as well as the rest of the family. Why can’t the two families be peace? That is a question that many people have tried to find out. Both families had been against each other since a long time ago. If one does some thing wrong, the other must have some kind of reaction to it. Conflicts and conflicts over and over again. God knows what happens next between the two families. Minutes after the fight started. Some one went up to the bell tower, and ran the bell. Prince Escalus came to the place with his train. As they go pass, all the people were running away from them, because they didn’t want to get arrested by the prince. When the prince arrived at the place where the fight took place, everyone stopped fighting. The prince spoke, and mentioned that the old Capulet and Montague have disturbed the quite of the streets. And if they ever do that again, their lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. Both Capulet and Montague ended up going back with the prince in the afternoon.

Challenges of Harmonization of Accounting System

QUESTION: Discuss the challenges of harmonization of accounting system. Accounting Standards are the statements of code of practice of the regulatory accounting bodies that are to be observed in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is comprised of a large group of individual accounting standards. Accounting Standards in other words can be stated as rules which govern the preparation of financial statements. They are the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Where by accounting practices are the actual used practices by accountants.They are influenced by Accounting Standards, which govern the preparation of financial reports. Harmonization of accounting standards† can be defined as the continuous process of ensuring that the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are formulated, aligned and updated to international best practices (GAAPs in other countries) with suitable modifications and fine t uning considering the domestic conditions. Harmonization is the process of increasing compatibility of accounting practices by setting bounds on their degree of variation.Harmonization can be defined as â€Å"the process of bringing international Accounting Standards into some sort of agreement so that the financial statements from different countries are prepared according to a common set of principles of measurement and disclosure† (Haskins et al. 1996:29). According to Wolk et al. described harmonization of Accounting Standards as â€Å"the co-ordination or similarity among the various sets of national Accounting Standards and methods and formats of financial reporting†. (Kleekamper et al. , 2002) Kleekamperet al. xplain, that the aim of the international harmonization process of Accounting Standards is to reduce or overcome differences world-wide, in order to reach a better international Comparability of financial statements. International accounting harmonization can be defined as â€Å"the process of bringing international Accounting Standards into some sort of agreement so that the financial statements from different countries are prepared according to a common set of principles of measurement and disclosure† (Haskins et al. 1996:29).This harmonization is needed due to the globalization of businesses and services and increase in cross-border investments and borrowings and academicians, regulators and governments have been constantly striving to harmonize the local/domestic Accounting Standards(AS), also referred to as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), with the International Accounting Standards (IAS) issued by the UK based International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (formerly the International Accounting Standards Committee-IASC).The IASB has been trying to harmonize international accounting principles since 1973. Further, the IASB and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) have been join tly working on harmonization since July 1995, and in May 2000 the IOSCO finished its review of the IAS and recommended usage of certain IAS, supplemented with reconciliation, disclosure and interpretations. Some benefits of harmonization of accounting practices is as follows * It ensures reliable and high quality financial reporting and disclosures. In certain cases, it can prove to be crucial to the economic and financial development of a country * It enables a systematic review and evaluation of the performance of a multinational company having subsidiaries and associates in various countries wherein each country has its own set of GAAP * It makes the comparison of the performance of a company against its domestic and international peers easier and more meaningful * It is a precursor for accessing international capital markets which can, in turn, reduce the capital cost and consequently, improve the performance of a company * Multinational companies, the multinational companies be nefit from closer harmonization for the following reasons a) Access to international finance is easier, the international financial markets understand the financial information presented to them more easily. If the information is provided on a consistent basis between companies irrespective of their country of origin. b) Improved management control, in a business operating in several countries management control is improved. Internal financial information is more easily prepared on consistent basis if externally required financial information is required on a uniform basis. c) Consolidation of financial statement is easier ) A reduction of auditing cost due to harmonized accounting practices and standards. e) A transfer of accounting staff across national borders would be easier f) It would be easier to comply with reporting requirements of overseas stock exchanges. g) Appraisals of foreign entities for take over and mergers would be more straightforward. * International economic gr oupings, international groupings like EU (European Union) could work more effectively if there were international harmonization of accounting policies. Part of the function of international groupings is go make cross-border trade easier. Similar to accounting regulation would help this process. Government of developing countries would save time and money if they would adopt international standards and, if these were used internally, governments of developing countries could attempt to control the activities of foreign multinational companies in their own country. These companies could not hide behind foreign accounting practices which are difficult to understand. * Tax authorities, it will be easier to calculate the tax liability of investors, including multinationals who receive income from overseas sources. * Large accounting and auditing firms would benefit as accounting and auditing would be much easier if similar accounting practices existed throughout the world.Despite the imp ortance of harmonizing accounting standards, there still challenges facing harmonization of accounting standards between the member countries using IFRS (international financial reporting standard) and also between United States using US GAAP. These challenges are brought about different tax laws, different culture, different legal requirement, nationalism and different needs of financial statements. Speaking of harmonization we should put in consideration of International accounting standard board (IASB) based in UK and Financial accounting standard board (FASB) based in US. The  International Accounting Standards Board  (IASB) is the independent,  accounting standard-setting body of the  IFRS Foundation.The IASB was founded on April 1, 2001 as the successor to the  International Accounting Standards Committee  (IASC). It is responsible for developing  International Financial Reporting Standards  (the new name for  International Accounting Standards  issued afte r 2001), and promoting the use and application of these standards. The  Financial Accounting Standards Board  (FASB) is a private,  not-for-profit organization  whose primary purpose is to develop generally accepted accounting principles  (GAAP) within the  United States  in the public's interest. The  Securities and Exchange Commission  (SEC) designated the FASB as the organization responsible for setting accounting standards for public companies in the U. S.It was created in 1973, replacing the  Committee on Accounting Procedure  (CAP) and the  Accounting Principles Board  (APB) of the  American Institute of Certified Public Accountants  (AICPA). The FASB's mission is â€Å"to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information. † To achieve this, FASB has five goals. * Improve the usefulness of financial reporting by focusing on the primary characteristics of relevance and reliability, and on the qualities of comparability and consistency. * Keep standards current to reflect changes in methods of doing business and in the economy. Consider promptly any significant areas of deficiency in financial reporting that might be improved through standard setting. * Promote  international convergence of accounting standards  concurrent with improving the quality of financial reporting. * Improve common understanding of the nature and purposes of information in financial reports. The two boards have been making efforts to harmonize the accounting principles, as of September 2011, there was a push to harmonize, or integrate, the accounting standards of the United States, which operates under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), with International Accounting Standards (IAS).The rationale is that it would level the playing field for global businesses by providing regulators, auditors and decis ion-makers (investors) uniform information based on the same accounting methodologies. Supporters believe that this would improve accountability, reduce international transactional and exchange rate risks and improve information transfer to enhance economic policy decision-making. The difference between IAS and US GAAP is that the former is more principle based and the later is rule based. The following are Challenges to harmonization of accounting systems. Licensing and Enforcement, Individual accountants, CPAs and tax lawyers worldwide would need to comply with and obtain licensing through an internationally accepted rules-making body. If he international body lacks enforcement authority, there is no prosecutorial authority for breaking international laws. However, if the international body does have prosecutorial authority over a U. S. citizen, there would arise jurisdictional and constitutional issues regarding the rights of an international body's rights to prosecute an America n under international law. Finally, issues arise from the perspective of U. S. -only based businesses regarding forced compliance IASB standards are principles-based. Thus the countries that have rules-based standards are expected to experience considerable difficulty in harmonization of their standards with IFRS. There are challenges that IASB and nations adopting IFRS need to address in the coming days.One big challenge for countries adopting IFRS is the shortage of manpower and more particularly, IFRS-trained manpower. For case in point, with just six months to go before China’s listed companies adopt IFRS, demand for accountants is rising and could run into millions in the coming years, if the new standards are rolled out for all of the country’s companies and not just the listed ones. Accountants say that the challenge for China, as it scrambles to meet the accounting shift deadline, will lie in getting its over-1,100 listed companies to establish the appropriate financial reporting systems and in training enough qualified accountants by January. The risk is that some of these companies may fail to make the transition on time.Estimates reveal that China has a shortfall of 300,000 qualified accountants and is likely to require a further three million over the coming years to keep pace with its current rate of economic growth Difference purpose of financial reporting, in some countries the purpose is solely for tax assessment, while others it is for investor decision making, Different legal systems, these prevent the development of certain accounting practices and restrict options available. The Accounting world can be divided into â€Å"those countries which have a ‘legalistic’ orientation toward accounting and those with a ‘non legalistic’ orientation† (Nobes et al. , 1997:8). The non-legalistic approach can be found in countries, which use common law. In Common law countries, Accounting does not depend upon law. Accountants (professional organizations) arrange accounting rules. Hence, it is the private sector, which determines Accounting and not the law (Choi et al. , 2002). The task of the legal system is to give an answer to a specific case rather than to formulate general rules for the future (Choi et al. 2002). The legalistic approach can be found in countries, which use the so called code (or codified) law. In contrary to the common law, the codified law system needs to develop rules in detail for the Accounting and financial reporting (Nobes, 1994). This means that â€Å"Accounting rules are incorporated into national law and tend to be highly prescriptive and procedural† (Choi et al. , 2002:43). In these countries the role of law is to describe behavior, which isconsidered to be acceptable in the society (Choi et al. , 2002). Different user groups, countries have different ideas about who the relevant user groups and their respective importance.In USA investor and credit groups are given prominence, while in Europe employees enjoy a higher profile. Provider of finance, there three main sources for external capital are shareholders, banks and government (Hill, 1999). It varies from country to country, which of these three provides most of the financial capital to companies. In countries like Germany and Italy banks provide companies with capital. In countries like England and the United States shareholders provide companies with capital. The government is the provider of capital in countries like France and Sweden. (Hill,1999) This diversity of capital providers means that Accounting Practices differ in order to satisfy needs of capital providers.In the case of shareholder ownership, (e. g. in the U. K. and the U. S. ), information disclosure will be more important than in countries, where capital is raised from banks or governments. This is explained by the fact that in the latter countries information will be transmitted more directly. (Radebaugh a nd Gray, 1997) It is impossible for a company to inform each shareholder with its specific information needs, because they are a big and unorganized group. Therefore financial statements in the US and UK are â€Å"oriented toward providing individual investors with the information they need to make decisions about purchasing or selling corporate stocks and bonds† (Hill, 1999:593).Tax laws, the key question here is to ask, how much taxation regulations determine Accounting measurements. In countries like the U. S. , U. K. and Netherlands there is no interplay between tax and Accounting law. When Accounting Standards are developed, the only focus is how to conduce the information function. Questions about taxation are not considered in those countries (Achleitner, 2000). In contrary, in nations as France and Germany, tax and Accounting Systems are ruled equal (Nobes and Parker, 2000). There is the principle of decisiveness in continental European countries. This means that the profit of the balance sheet is at the same time the foundation to snap income taxes (Achleitner, 2000).In Tanzania income tax act is in dis agreement with some accounting procedures like computation of depreciation, Bad debts and therefore disagree on how accountant compute organization profit and therefore in Tanzania should prepare to set of financial statement one for tax purposes and the other for other users of accounting information. Cultural differences result in objectives for accounting systems differing from country to country for example Islamic laws does not recognize the use of interest rate. The lack of strong accountancy bodies, many countries do not have strong independent accountancy or business bodies which would press for better standards and greater harmonization.Unique circumstances, some countries may be experiencing unusual circumstances which affect all aspects of everyday life an d impinge on the ability of companies to produce proper reports, for example hy perinflation, civil war, currency restriction. Nationalism is demonstrated in an unwillingness to accept another country’s standard. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the U. S. is responsible for setting accounting standards based primarily on â€Å"Federal securities laws and state CPA licensing laws. † All countries have specific securities laws, tax laws and banking and financial regulations that dictate accounting principles. Furthermore, in the United States, there are individual state laws that govern business, banking and insurance activities. Adopting international accounting standards would not only conflict with U. S. tatute law, but also constitutional law associated with â€Å"states' rights. † Stable Platform, Beginning in 2005, all 7,000 EU publicly traded companies are required to apply IFRS in the preparation of their consolidated financial statements. This represents yet another challenge as preparers of financial statements fro m Latvia to Portugal and from Poland to Sweden grapple with unfamiliar requirements. In preparation for this sweeping change, the IASB completed its â€Å"stable platform† of standards in March 2004. New and revised standards included five new IFRSs and 17 amended IASs, resulting from the IASB’s Improvements Project and Phase I of its Business Combinations Project.Some of the more significant revisions to IFRS that resulted from these projects include: * The LIFO method for costing inventories is no longer allowed; *   The concepts of â€Å"fundamental error† and â€Å"extraordinary items† are eliminated; *   Trading securities are now included in a larger defined category of financial instruments â€Å"at fair value through profit or loss† and entities may designate any financial asset or liability into this category (commonly referred to as â€Å"the fair value option†); *   Fair value hedge accounting may now be used more readily fo r a portfolio hedge of interest rate risk; *   Guidelines for share-based payments have been added;   The pooling-of-interests method for business combinations is no longer allowed; *   Goodwill is no longer amortized, and negative goodwill is not recorded in a business combination World wide acceptance, National accounting standards are highly politicized and there is often a natural tendency to place the interests of the national economy ahead of those of the global economy. Private sector businesses and professional accounting bodies also have a vested interest in accounting practices and financial reporting. Pressure from these groups to change or reject certain standards can carry a lot of weight with political decision makers. Adopting international financial standards is met with additional challenges in developing countries. They often lack the resources and infrastructure to adapt national legal and legislative frameworks in which to house the standards, making proper implementation difficult.Training and Retraining, When a country decides to harmonize with the international standards, its companies, accountants and auditors need to be retrained in the new standards and reporting procedures for financial statements. College and university programs in this field also have to undergo significant changes in order to educate new people entering the profession. Before any of this can happen, trainers and professors will require training so they can instruct professionals and students. This will require the development of new learning materials and curricula, new examinations for professional licensing and new accounting software and reporting systems. To further complicate matters, the adoption of harmonized standards has to be phased in, so for a number of years, two different systems are in operation. Such a omplex transition requires a lot of safety mechanisms to ensure it achieves uniform results. To sum up with, Harmonization of financial statem ent is very crucial for accounting profession and also for the global business growth especially for multinational companies which will now find easily in preparation of parent and subsidiary financial statement since have to be prepared according to IFRS. 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